More from Raines

The correspondence between Raines and Crossley is a rich source of sidelights on the attitudes and opinions of one section of nineteenth-century Mancunian society. Middle-class Tories and antiquarians both, their views on current political and social matters inevitably crept into their letters. For example, in the 1870s (actual date uncertain), we learn that 'Mr Fielden, the MP for West Riding, has applied for admission to the Society of Antiquaries and is seeking referees'. This would be Joshua Fielden (1827-1887) , the son of John Fielden the radical Liberal MP for Oldham, who had had the temerity to oppose child labour in factories, advocating a reduction in working hours for children and the introduction of a minimum wage.


Raines rather condescendingly provides a reference for Joshua and recommends that Crossley follows suit. The Canon continues: 'He [Fielden] is a very pleasant man, and antiquarian tastes may rescue him altogether from the mire of Radicalism and Dissent.' This is rather unfair to Joshua, who, unlike his father, was a Conservative MP. The charge of dissent is closer to the mark, as the Fieldens were strong Unitarians and Joshua provided funds to build a Unitarian church in Todmorden and helped to introduce salaries for ministers.

An invitation to dinner at Milnrow

The Rev. Canon Francis Raines, vicar of Milnrow (near Rochdale) edited many volumes of Chetham Society publications and was a great friend of Crossley's. In a letter dating from the 1870s (precise date unknown) Raines invites his friend to dinner, as follows:

'Dinner is for 5.00 pm. The omnibus does not leave the Ship Inn (near the station) until 2.00 pm, which may not be a very convenient hour, but cabs may be had to Milnrow for a couple of shillings. As this is Lent we shall provide plenty of Fish, Eggs and Vegetables'

Crossley's reply has not been preserved.

Crossley on the 1867 Reform Act

 

Crossley wrote to his friend Canon Francis Raines, Chetham Society editor and Council member, on 23 August 1867, giving his opinion on the Reform Act of that year. This piece of legislation had been brought forward by Disraeli, then the Chancellor of the Exchequer in a minority Conservative administration led by Edward Stanley, the fourteenth Earl of Derby, whose son Edward Henry was also in Parliament at the time and was a keen supporter of Disraeli. In response to popular feeling, Derby is said to have suggested that 'of all possible hares to start, I do not know a better than the extension to household suffrage, coupled with plurality of voting.' An earlier bill introduced by Gladstone had failed, and by some adroit political manoeuvring Disraeli managed to beat Gladstone at his own game, enfranchising a larger portion of the population than even his rival had imagined. He gambled on the proposition that large portions of the working and lower-middle classes would vote Conservative, but predictably, this view was not shared by many in his party. 

In Crossley's letter we see how a provincial dyed-in-the-wool Tory viewed the matter. The relevant part of the letter runs as follows:

The Reform Bill, which some respectable, but rather obtuse Baronet or member of Parliament is selected to do for a Bubble Company - to give plausibility to the scheme which a distinguished professor of Legerdemain ie, my friend Dizzy is making a job of. Alas! Alas! for the name of Stanley. He cannot look at you without being rebuked by the spirit of his great Ancestor ... The Monarchy is doomed.

Did Hobbes squint?

In 1847, Horatio Rodd, an art dealer, approached Crossley with a portrait of Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679), the great philosopher and author of Leviathan. Crossley replied that 'Hobbes squints', which may have a been a stratagem for reducing the price, a practice for which our hero was notorious among booksellers.

He must have arrived at an agreeable purchase price because the portrait appears in Sotheby's sale of his effects in 1885, two years after his death, described as 'Portrait of Thomas Hobbes in gilt frame'. According to a pencil note on Central Library's copy of the catalogue, the selling price was £2-12/-.

Above is a portrait of Hobbes, which is unlikely to have been Crossley's, but gives a clear image of his features. What do you think? Is there any evidence of strabismus in this image of the great man?

Life at Booth Street in the 1830s

Crossley lived at Booth Street, Piccadilly, from 1820 to 1869 (see the Railway Menace post below), and during that long period he entertained a distinguished party of literary guests, including his lifelong friend William Harrison Ainsworth, Charles Dickens and Dickens's first biographer, John Forster. For a fuller description of this, see chapter 5 of James Crossley: A Manchester Man of Letters, where the cramped conditions of Crossley's accommodation are noted by Dickens after his visit in January, 1839. Despite this, our hero managed to live very comfortably, as the housekeeping accounts for 1836-8 show. These are among the Crossley MSS in Chetham's Library (ref: A.2.59), and below is a selection of entries which, judging by the hand and spelling, were probably written by the housekeeper:

Beef and Stake (sic)  4/4d, Wine glass 11d, Pies 1/3d, Beer [recurs many times] 2d - 2/2d, Shoes cleaning 8/-, A Fowl 2/-, A Rabbit 1/3d, Tea and Sugar 5/9d, Eggs 3d, Beef and Mutton 9/8d, Candles 2/-, Mending 1/3d, Bread and Milk 4d, Veal and Stake (sic) 5/3d, Pies and Puddings 1/6d, Butter, Potatoes etc., 3/11d, Lamb 3/6d, Nurce (sic) £1-4s-0d, Cook 6/0d, Waiter 5/0d [the last two probably for a special occasion such as Dickens's visit], Chickens 7/6d, Sugar and Tea 5/9d, Coffee 6d, Cowcum beer [cucumber?] 10d, Almonds and Raisins 1/6d, Strawberrys (sic) 1/4d, Porter 4d, Night coates (sic) 2/6d, Pepper and Mustard 1/-, Pork and Stake (sic) 4/3d, Apples and Onions 3d, Veal Pies 1/3d, Celery 6d, Ribbon shoe ties 1/3d, 16 weeks Lodging £16/16s/0d, Oysters 1/9d, Fowls 3/9d, lemons 2d, Coco (sic) 6d.

Crossley's signature

In response to a query by Kate (see below under 'The Railway Menace' post), I'm attaching a scan of Crossley's signature. This is from a copy of The Boeotian, an extremely rare and short-lived journal by William Harrison Ainsworth, which is now in the archive of the Manchester Central Library. You will see that Crossley signs himself 'Jas Crossley' and uses the long first 's', in the eighteenth-century manner.

Incidentally, if you have any questions about James Crossley and his works, please feel free to contact me by email at stevecollins009@gmail.com  

Stocks House

Stocks House was built around 1750 and had been the residence of Manchester notables like Hugh Beever, the wealthy cotton spinner, and Gilbert Winter, a prosperous solicitor, who was also a wine merchant and a director of the Liverpool and Manchester railway. By the time Crossley became the tenant, Stocks had already seen its finest days, but his principal concern was for the storage of his vast book collection, rather than establishing a sumptuous lifestyle. See James Crossley: A Manchester Man of letters, chapter 9 for more details of the house and Crossley's occupation of it. What you will not find in the book is this poem written by Crossley, shortly after taking up residence in 1878: STOCKS HOUSE In former days the House of Stocks Was famous for its fighting cocks,- An old diversion rough and manly That cheered the heart of noble Stanley When tenanted by Gilbert Winter, All said of Port there was no stint here, with a host who both low to high Was the best of all good company But now the place deserted looks; it is made a magazine of books, Whose owner long ago himself Was fitly placed upon the shelf. There are no cocks now worth showing, No brimming bumpers full and flowing, No radiant dames, no pleasant stories, No hearty toasts from fine old Tories. The clock that overlooked the way No longer tells the time of day, But seems to say, - What need of clocks To count the last few hours of Stocks. I apologise for the format of the poem. I tried to set it out in verses, but this is the way it emerged. If there's a way of formatting it, I haven't been able to figure it out. The 'noble Stanley' is of course a reference to the landlord, Lord Derby, and port was dear to Crossley's heart, being his favourite tipple, of which he was said to consume a bottle every evening. The author, aged 78, looks back wistfully and remembers happier days. He was to remain in the house until his death in 1883.